How are emerging contaminants identified in water quality assessments?

Emerging contaminants are identified in water quality assessments primarily through advanced analytical techniques and research on their health effects. These contaminants include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other industrial chemicals that may not have been previously monitored in water sources. Advanced analytical methods, such as mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, allow for the detection of these substances at very low concentrations that traditional methods may miss.

Additionally, research on the health effects of these contaminants helps define which substances should be monitored. This research informs regulatory agencies and researchers about the potential risks they pose, thus guiding the testing programs and ensuring that water quality assessments stay relevant in identifying new threats to drinking water. As a result, emerging contaminants become better understood within the broader context of water safety and public health.