How does UV disinfection work in water treatment?

The method of UV disinfection in water treatment relies on the application of ultraviolet light to inactivate or kill microorganisms present in the water. This process is based on the principle that UV light, particularly at a wavelength of around 254 nanometers, disrupts the molecular structure of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. When these microorganisms absorb UV light, the energy causes changes to the DNA that make it impossible for the organisms to reproduce or cause disease, effectively rendering them harmless.

Unlike other methods of water treatment, UV disinfection does not introduce any chemicals into the water, making it an environmentally friendly option. It also provides a rapid response to microbial contamination and can achieve high levels of disinfection without the formation of harmful byproducts, which can sometimes occur with chemical disinfectants.

This technology is widely used in various applications, including municipal water treatment facilities, small-scale systems, and even in home water purification devices. It is particularly advantageous in situations where maintaining the taste and quality of water is essential, as it does not alter the water's chemical composition.