What does a membrane filtration process do in water treatment?

A membrane filtration process in water treatment is primarily designed to physically separate contaminants from water using a membrane barrier. This method involves using semi-permeable membranes that allow water to pass through while blocking larger particles, pathogens, and certain dissolved substances based on size or charge. This physical separation is effective for removing a wide range of contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, and suspended solids, which is essential for producing clean and safe drinking water.

This process is distinct from the other options because it does not involve chemical alterations of contaminants, like those achieved by adding substances to react with and change the contaminants. It also does not enhance water taste or neutralize acidity, which are treatments that involve the addition of chemicals to water rather than separation. Membrane filtration is a crucial technique in modern water treatment facilities for ensuring that water meets health and safety standards without the need for chemical intervention.