What does "biofilm" refer to in water distribution systems?

Biofilm in water distribution systems refers to a slime layer of microorganisms that can form on surfaces in contact with water. This complex community of microorganisms adheres to surfaces, such as pipes and tanks, and is embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilm can play a significant role in the dynamics of water systems, affecting water quality and the efficacy of disinfection processes.

Microbial communities within biofilms can contribute to the development of corrosion, biofouling, and can even impact the taste and odor of water. The presence of biofilm can also influence the survival of pathogens, making the management and control of biofilm crucial for ensuring safe drinking water. Understanding and monitoring biofilm is essential for water treatment facilities and distribution systems, as it directly relates to overall water quality and system integrity.