What does the term "pH" measure in water?

The term "pH" is a crucial measurement in water chemistry, quantifying the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is defined on a logarithmic scale ranging from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidic conditions, while values above 7 represent alkaline conditions. Understanding the pH level is essential, as it affects chemical reactions, biological activity, and overall water quality.

Monitoring pH levels is vital for various applications, including drinking water treatment, aquatic ecosystems, and industrial processes. For instance, many organisms thrive within specific pH ranges, and deviations can lead to harmful effects on aquatic life.

The other options pertain to different measurements and aspects of water quality. The presence of pathogens involves microbiological assessments, heavy metal detection requires specific chemical testing, and turbidity refers to the clarity or cloudiness of water, which is measured using different techniques. Thus, while all are critical aspects of water quality, they do not pertain to the measurement of pH.